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Timely release of dopamine at the striatum seems to be important for
reinforcement learning mediated by the basal ganglia. Houk, et al. (1995) pro-
posed a cellular signaling pathway model to characterize the interaction between
dopamine and glutamate pathways that have a role in reinforcement learning (RL).
The model simulation results, using GENESIS / KINETIKIT simulator, point out
that there is not only prolongation of duration as proposed by Houk et al. 1995,
but also an enhancement in the amplitude of autophosphorylation of CaMKII.
Synchronization of globus pallidus (GP) neurons and cortically entrained oscillations between GP and other basal ganglia nuclei are key features of the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Phase response curves (PRCs), which tabulate the effects of phasic inputs within a neuron's spike cycle on output spike timing, are efficient tools for predicting the emergence of synchronization in neuronal networks and entrainment to periodic input.
The activity of mid brain dopamine (DA) neurons
resembles the reward prediction error signal of the Temporal
Difference (TD) model. Dopamine acting at D1 receptor activates
adenylate cyclase through the coupling of D1 receptors
with Gs/olf . The complex of adenylate cyclase activates and
increases the intracellular levels of cAMP and thereby stimulating
cAMP dependent protein kinase and increasing the state
of phosphorylation of DARPP-32 (dopamine and cyclic AMPregulated
phosphoprotein, M, = 32,000). DARPP-32 plays an
important role in autophosphorylation of calcium calmodulin
Full title: Modeling GABA alterations in schizophrenia: a link between impaired inhibition and altered gamma and beta range auditory entrainment.
Full title: Effects of active conductance distribution over dendrites on the synaptic integration in an identified nonspiking interneuron.
Full title: Functional Significance of Passive and Active Dendritic Properties in the Synaptic Integration by an Identified Nonspiking Interneuron of Crayfish.